Convert newton/meter² [N/m²] to pound-force/foot² [lbf/ft²] • Pressure, Stress, Young’s Modulus Converter • Common Unit Converters • Compact Calculator • Online Unit Converters (2024)

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Convert newton/meter² [N/m²] to pound-force/foot² [lbf/ft²]

1 newton/meter² [N/m²] = 0,02088543423312 pound-force/foot² [lbf/ft²]

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Did you know the purpose of static dischargers on the wings of an airplane? If you never noticed them before, click or tap to find out how they help provide reliable work of onboard navigation and communication equipment!

Convert newton/meter² [N/m²] to pound-force/foot² [lbf/ft²] • Pressure, Stress, Young’s Modulus Converter • Common Unit Converters • Compact Calculator • Online Unit Converters (1)

A working pressure setting of most pressure cookers is 1.5 to 2 standard atmospheres or 22 to 29 psi

Overview

Gauge Pressure

Atmospheric Pressure

Pressure Suits

Hydrostatic Pressure

Pressure in Geology

Natural Gemstones

Synthetic Gemstones

The High-Pressure High-Temperature (HPHT) Process

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Overview

Pressure is defined as force per unit of area. If the same force is applied to two areas, a smaller and a larger one, the pressure would be greater for the smaller area. You will probably agree that it is less scary to be stepped on by someone wearing running shoes than by someone wearing stilettos. For example, if you try pushing a sharp knife down through a carrot or a tomato, you will cut it. The area where the force is applied is small, so the pressure is high enough to cut through the object. If, on the other hand, you use a blunt knife, you will not be able to cut through because the area is greater and the pressure is lower as a result.

The SI unit for pressure is the pascal, which is a newton per square meter.

Gauge Pressure

In some cases, pressure of gases is measured as the difference between the total or absolute pressure and the atmospheric pressure. This is known as gauge pressure, and it is the pressure measured when determining the air pressure in car tires. Measuring devices often show gauge pressure, although absolute pressure sensors are also in use.

Atmospheric Pressure

Atmospheric or air pressure is the pressure of air in a given environment. It usually refers to the weight of the column of atmospheric air above the unit surface area. Atmospheric pressure affects weather and temperature. Considerable changes in the atmospheric pressure cause discomfort for people and animals. The decrease in atmospheric pressure can cause psychological and physical discomfort for people and animals, or even death. For this reason, airplane cabins, which would otherwise experience low air pressure at cruising heights, are artificially pressurized.

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The aneroid pressure gauge is based on a pressure sensor — a set of metallic bellows, which change their shape in response to the pressure, which, in turn, rotates the needle by a linkage connected to the bellows

Atmospheric pressure decreases with the increase in altitude. People and animals, who live at high altitudes, for example in the Himalayas, adapt to the low pressure. Travelers, on the other hand, often need to take precautionary measures to avoid discomfort. Some people, such as mountaineers, are affected by altitude sickness, caused by oxygen deficiency in the blood. This condition can become chronic with prolonged exposure. It typically happens at altitudes above 2,400 meters. In severe cases, people may be affected by high altitude cerebral or pulmonary edema. To prevent altitude-related health problems, medical professionals recommend avoiding depressants such as alcohol and sleeping pills, and also to hydrate well, and ascending to higher altitudes at a slow pace, for example on foot, instead of using transportation. Additional recommendations include a diet high in carbohydrates, and resting well, especially for individuals who ascended quickly. This will allow the body to combat the oxygen shortage, which results from low atmospheric pressure, by producing more red blood cells to carry oxygen, and by increasing heart and respiratory rates, among other adaptations.

Emergency treatment for severe altitude sickness has to be provided immediately. It is paramount to bring the patient to lower altitudes where the pressure is higher, preferably to an altitude below 2400 meters above sea level. Treatment also includes medication and the use of the Gamow Bag. It is a portable lightweight container that can be pressurized by using a foot pump. The patient is put inside this bag to simulate lower altitudes. This is an emergency treatment and the patient still needs to be transported to lower altitudes.

Low atmospheric pressure is also used by athletes, who sleep in simulated high-altitude environments but exercise in normal conditions. This helps their bodies to adapt to high altitudes and start producing greater amounts of red blood cells, which, in turn, increases the amount of oxygen carried through their body, and enhances their athletic abilities. For this purpose athletes often use altitude tents or canopies, which have low atmospheric pressure inside.

Pressure Suits

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NASA space shuttle Atlantis exhibit at the Kennedy Space Center

Astronauts and pilots who have to work at high altitudes use pressure suits to compensate for the low air pressure. Full-pressure suits are used in space, while partial-pressure suits, which provide counter-pressure and assist breathing at high altitudes are used by pilots.

Hydrostatic Pressure

Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure of fluid caused by the force of gravity. It is an important factor not only in engineering and physics, but also in medicine. For example, blood pressure is the hydrostatic pressure of blood on the blood vessel walls. It usually refers to arterial pressure and is represented by two numbers: systolic or maximum pressure and diastolic or minimum pressure during a heartbeat. The instrument used to measure blood pressure is called a sphygmomanometer. Millimeters of mercury are used as units for blood pressure measurements, even in countries like the USA and the UK, where inches are used for measuring length.

Convert newton/meter² [N/m²] to pound-force/foot² [lbf/ft²] • Pressure, Stress, Young’s Modulus Converter • Common Unit Converters • Compact Calculator • Online Unit Converters (5)

Digital blood pressure meter or sphygmomanometer

A Pythagorean cup is an interesting device, which uses the principles of hydrostatic pressure. According to legend, it was designed by Pythagoras to moderate wine drinking. Other sources mention that this cup was meant to regulate the drinking of water during a drought. It usually has a stem and always has a dome inside of it, which allows liquid to enter from the bottom through an embedded pipe. This pipe runs from the bottom of the stem of the cup to the top of the dome, then bends, and opens into the cup, as in the illustration. Liquid enters the pipe through this opening. The other side of the pipe that runs through the stem also has an opening at the bottom of the stem. The design and operating principles of a Pythagorean cup are similar to the ones in modern toilet bowls. If the liquid that fills the cup is above the top of the pipe, then it spills through the bottom of the cup, due to hydrostatic pressure. If the liquid is below that level, one can use the cup in a conventional way.

Pressure in Geology

Convert newton/meter² [N/m²] to pound-force/foot² [lbf/ft²] • Pressure, Stress, Young’s Modulus Converter • Common Unit Converters • Compact Calculator • Online Unit Converters (6)

A quartz crystal illuminated with a red laser pointer

Pressure is a critical element in geology. The formation of gemstones requires pressure, both for the natural and laboratory-made synthetic gemstones. Crude oil is also formed by intense pressure and heat from remnants of plants and animals. In contrast to gemstones, which mostly form in rock formations, oil is generally formed in the beds of water such as rivers and seas. Organic material is covered with sand and silt, which gradually accumulates above it. The weight of the water above and the sand exert pressure. With time, these materials are buried deeper and deeper and reach several kilometers below the Earth's surface. As the temperature increases by about 25 °C per each kilometer below the surface, it reaches 50-80 °C at these depths. Depending on the total temperature and temperature fluctuation, gas may be created instead of oil.

Convert newton/meter² [N/m²] to pound-force/foot² [lbf/ft²] • Pressure, Stress, Young’s Modulus Converter • Common Unit Converters • Compact Calculator • Online Unit Converters (7)

Diamond tools

Natural Gemstones

Gemstone formation varies, but often pressure is an important factor. Diamonds, for example, are created in the mantle of the Earth, where intense pressure and temperatures are present. They then emerge on or near the surface during volcanic eruptions, when magma carries them up. Some diamonds come to Earth inside meteorites, and scientists speculate that their formation on other planets is similar to Earth.

Synthetic Gemstones

The synthetic gemstone industry on the industrial scale started in the 1950s, and it is currently expanding. Some consumers still prefer mined gemstones, but there is a shift in consumer preferences, especially because of the many problems with gemstone mining that came to light recently. Many consumers choose synthetic gemstones not only because of the lower price, but also because they believe that lab-produced stones have fewer issues such as human right violations, funding wars and conflicts, and child labor.

One of the methods for growing diamonds in the laboratory, the high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) method, is by subjecting carbon to high temperature over 1000 °C and pressure of about 5 GPa. Generally, diamond seeds are used as a base and graphite is a high-purity carbon source from which the new diamond grows. This method is common, especially for making gemstones, because it is cheap compared to the alternative methods. These laboratory-grown diamonds have similar and sometimes superior properties to naturally-formed diamonds, depending on the manufacturing method. They are often colored, however.

Diamonds are widely used for industrial purposes due to their properties, especially hardness. Optical qualities, as well as heat conductivity and resistance to alkalis and acids, are also valued. Cutting tools use diamond coating, and diamond powder is included in abrasive materials. Currently, a large portion of industrial diamonds is made in the laboratories because synthetic production is cheaper than mining, and also because the demand for industrial diamonds cannot be met through mining exclusively.

Some companies now offer memorial diamonds. Those are grown from the carbon that was extracted from the hair or the cremation ashes of the deceased. The manufacturers market these diamonds as a memento to celebrate the life of loved ones, and they are gaining popularity, especially in the markets of wealthy countries such as Japan and the USA.

The High-Pressure High-Temperature (HPHT) Process

The high-pressure high-temperature process is mainly used when working with synthetic diamonds. However, it is now also used on natural diamonds to enhance or adjust their color properties. Presses of different designs can be used in the process. Cubic-type presses are the most expensive and complicated. They are mainly used for enhancing or changing colors in natural diamonds. The growth within the capsule of the press is about 0.5 carats of rough diamond per day.

References

This article was written by Kateryna Yuri

Unit Converter articles were edited and illustrated by Anatoly Zolotkov

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Pressure, Stress, Young’s Modulus Converter

Pressure is the ratio of force to the area over which that force is distributed. In other words, pressure is force per unit area applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of an object.

Pressure may be measured in any unit of force divided by any unit of area. The SI unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa). One pascal is defined as one newton per square meter. A pressure of 1 Pa is small, therefore everyday pressures are often stated in kilopascals (1 kPa = 1000 Pa). The pressure in car tires can be in the range of 180 to 250 kPa.

In continuum mechanics, stress is a measure of the internal forces acting within a deformable body, which either reversibly or irreversibly changes its shape. It is a measure of the average force per unit area of a surface within the body on which the internal forces act. These internal forces arise as a reaction to external forces applied to the body. These internal forces are distributed continuously within the volume of the material body and result in deformation of the body shape. Beyond limits of material strength, this can lead to a permanent shape change or structural failure.

The dimension of stress is the same as that of pressure, and therefore the SI unit for stress is the pascal (Pa), which is equivalent to one newton per square meter (N/m²). In Imperial units, stress can be measured in pound-force per square inch, which is abbreviated as psi.

Using the Pressure, Stress, Young’s Modulus Converter Converter

This online unit converter allows quick and accurate conversion between many units of measure, from one system to another. The Unit Conversion page provides a solution for engineers, translators, and for anyone whose activities require working with quantities measured in different units.

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In this calculator, E notation is used to represent numbers that are too small or too large. E notation is an alternative format of the scientific notation a · 10x. For example: 1,103,000 = 1.103 · 106 = 1.103E+6. Here E (from exponent) represents “· 10^”, that is “times ten raised to the power of”. E-notation is commonly used in calculators and by scientists, mathematicians and engineers.

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Convert newton/meter² [N/m²] to pound-force/foot² [lbf/ft²] • Pressure, Stress, Young’s Modulus Converter • Common Unit Converters • Compact Calculator • Online Unit Converters (2024)

FAQs

How do you convert newtons of force to pounds per square inch? ›

Force To PSI Formula

To calculate PSI from newtons, divide the force by 4.448, then divide again by the area in square inches.

How much force is 1 newton in pounds? ›

One Newton (kg. m/s^2) equals 0.225 pounds (lbs). In other words, there are 0.225 pounds per Newton. You can use this ratio to convert Newtons to pounds.

How to convert lb/ft to nm? ›

How to convert ft-lbs to Nm? If you're trying the opposite torque units conversion, don't worry: it's equally simple! This time, all you need to know is that 1 ft-lb is equivalent to 1.3558 Nm. This means that to convert from foot-pounds to newton-meters, you need to multiply the value you have by the factor of 1.3558.

How many pounds of pressure is 100 newtons? ›

So 100N is equivalent to about 22.5 lbs of force.

How many newtons can a human push? ›

What I recall from my experience at various construction sites , normal human effort is considered to be maximum 40 kg which is equivalent to 400 N. Lifting tools like chain pulley blocks , winches are designed accordingly. On the extreme end, a professional sumo wrestler can give a push equivalent to 4000-5000 N.

How do you convert newtons to force? ›

One newton is equal to 101.97 gram-force. Additionally, there is metric ton-force which is one of many units of force defined as the weight of one ton due to gravity. A metric ton is 1000kg, resulting in one metric ton-force equaling to 9806.65 newtons.

How much force can a human exert? ›

The humans can exert a maximum amount of force, which is higher than in the normal gravity without the help of any tool. There is no realistic limit about the maximum force exerted by the human with the help of devices or machines. Humans can apply force on any object higher than the weight of the body.

How much force is 1 newton meter? ›

One newton meter is equal to approximately 0.738 pound-feet. It's easy to confuse the newton meter with newton times a meter, which is a joule and a unit of energy. The difference is between a force that creates a twist, (rotates an object about some point) and a push through some distance.

How much force is 1000 newtons? ›

A thousand newtons of force is what you feel if a very muscular or rather fat person (weighing in at about 100 kg or 220 lbs) is standing on you. It is also the force needed to lift that person.

How do you convert newtons to foot pounds? ›

One foot-pound (ft/lb) is equal to 1.356 newton-meters (Nm). To convert newton-meters (Nm) to foot-pounds (ft/lbs) all you need to do is divide your figure (Nm) by 1.356.

What is 12 newton-meters in foot pounds? ›

My original answer when divided by 9.8m/s² equals about 8.85 ft. lbs which is consistent with the other answers and expresses the answer in lb. force.

How much is one pound in newtons? ›

4.44822

How to convert newton meter to PSI? ›

To convert Nm to Psi, multiply the torque value by 8.85074579 and divide the result by the product of π times the square of the radius in inches.

What is 10 newton meters in foot pounds? ›

Newton Meter to Foot-pound Conversion Table
Newton Meter [N*m]Foot-pound [ft*lbf]
10 N*m7.375621493 ft*lbf
20 N*m14.751242986 ft*lbf
50 N*m36.878107465 ft*lbf
100 N*m73.75621493 ft*lbf
7 more rows

How to convert PSI to lbs? ›

PSI is a unit of measure for pressure, and pressure (PSI) is the amount of force (lbf) applied per unit of area (in2). The equations below illustrate this. To convert PSI to lbs, simply multiply the pressure by the area over which the force is applied.

How do you calculate pounds force per square inch? ›

Pounds per square inch is a unit of measure that describes a force per unit area. How is pounds per square inch calculated? Pounds per square inch is calculated from taking the total pound-force and dividing it by the area in inches squared.

Is pound-force per square inch the same as PSI? ›

Pounds per square inch or PSI is an imperial unit of pressure. Using the imperial units of pounds and square inches, it is a measure of force per unit area. Therefore, 1 PSI is measured as one pound of force applied per one square inch.

How many newtons are in 1 PSI? ›

Psi to Newton/square Meter Conversion Table
Psi [psi]Newton/square Meter
0.1 psi689.4757293178 newton/square meter
1 psi6894.7572931783 newton/square meter
2 psi13789.514586357 newton/square meter
3 psi20684.271879535 newton/square meter
7 more rows

What is the pound-force per square inch absolute? ›

The pound per square inch absolute (psia) is used to make it clear that the pressure is relative to a vacuum rather than the ambient atmospheric pressure. Since atmospheric pressure at sea level is around 14.7 psi (101 kilopascals), this will be added to any pressure reading made in air at sea level.

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